Carex of Illinois Beach State Park
Linda W. Curtis lcurtisbotanist@ameritech.net
Carex aquatilis, a perennial sedge, sprouts early in May from cordlike rhizomes, growing over a loose hydrosoil of peat and rounded grains of sand known as quicksand. Illinois Beach State Park is part of an eighteen mile-long corrugated sand plain along Lake Michigan that extends from Kenosha, Wisconsin to the Waukegan Harbor in Lake County, Illinois.
Prepared for the Illinois Nature Preserves Commission
Report revised March 1, 2013 Linda W. Curtis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD INTRODUCTION Figure 1. Aerial Photo of IBSP by Ken Weik, LFC emeritus METHODS Figure 2. Aerial Photo of IBSP showing Dead River in 1939 Table 1. Herbaria with Dunesland and IBS Specimens RESULTS Table 2. Carex species collected by F. C. Gates (1912) Table 3. Carex species at the Field Museum in Lake Co., IL Table 4. Carex species collected by L. M. Umbach in Lake Co. IL 8 Table 5. IBSP Carex Specimens at Lake Forest College Herbarium Table 6. IBSP Carex collected by Floyd Swink, Morton Arboretum 1960-2000 Table 7. IBSP Carex collected by Marlin Bowles Table 8. IBSP Carex Specimens Chicago Botanic Garden Herbarium Table 9. Dunesland Carex at Milwaukee Public Museum Herbarium Table 10. IBSP Carex collected by Kral at Missouri Botanical Herbarium Table 11. Carex of Illinois Natural Areas Inventories: IBSP and Spring Bluff Table 12. Carex of the Zion ridge-beach plain Table 13. IBSP Carex specimens in herbaria CONCLUSION NEW SPECIES AT IBSP ACKNOWLEDGMENTS HERBARIA LITERATURE AND WEB-SITES APPENDIX A: COLLECTION PERMIT
FOREWORD
The previous annual reports were revised as Midwest herbaria continued to contribute data. However, the Illinois State Museum Herbarium’s website grouped species by county, without viewable labels. Fortunately, Dr. Hong Qian (ISM) photographed the fspecies in question on their herbarium sheets and three were deleted from the inventory. Currently 43 species of Carex are confirmed as herbaria specimens from IBSP. Carex eburnea was deleted as it was found on a bluff north of Lake Forest, not in the Zion ridge-beach plain. C. emoryi was collected at Fox Lake, and Verne Graham’s C. trisperma was labeled “ sphagnum swamp 3 miles east of Antioch,” and were removed. Graham’s C. hyalinolepis and C. festucacae tentatively remain. The earliest plant collector from Dunesland was Frank Caleb Gates (1887-1955). Gates collected his earliest specimens, including C. buxbaumii, in the Waukegan Moorland in 1907 as part of his research for his thesis at U-Illinois. The Gates’ collection of 1907- 1911 has been scanned and can be viewed at three herbaria websites. Some specimens were identified as different species and some were annotated with new names. Another early collector was Levi M. Umbach (1853-1918), a professor at Northwestern College, Naperville. He collected seven Carex species from the Illinois Dunesland 1908- 1912. Dr. Mark Wetter and Ted Cochrane (Wis) separated Umbach’s specimen of C. polygama from one sheet and annotated them as C. buxbaumi and C. pellita. Dr. Gerould Wilhelm recently determined that some of the 17 Carices from IBSP at the dormant Lake Forest College Herbarium were different species. The LFC Herbarium, (ETL) is curated by student Victoria A. Jones and now a member of Index Herbariorum. This revision has new information that reveals the Waukegan Dunes is partly both west and east of the Union Pacific Railway and another interesting map reference was added. C. garberi was taken off Table 10 for Chiwaukee Prairie. Milde and Nelson’s C. garberi specimen was from 2001, not 2011. Anton Reznicek (MICH) determined by library loan from the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium that C. vaginata collected by Robert Kral was C. tetanica. Only C. multimoda remains to be determined from the Kral collection. Robert Naczi (NYBG) and Anton Reznicek realized my image of C. conjuncta was a young C. muehlenbergii, a species already vouchered. Page 22 now has six images. A paragraph was added under the Chicago Botanic Garden table, explaining the work of Plants of Concern (POC) and the Millennium Seed Bank Project (MSBP). Mark Wetter (WIS) discovered more of Umbach’s Carex collection, and those are now added to Table 4.
Carex of Illinois Beach State Park
ABSTRACT: Illinois Beach State Park (IBSP) is located on the Lake Michigan coast in Lake County on the Zion beach-ridge plain. More than 740 plant species have been reported to grow in IBSP and the adjoining Spring Bluff Preserve, Chiwaukee Prairie and Waukegan Dunes. Fieldwork in 2010-2012 resulted in six new species: C. annectens E. P. Bicknell var. xanthocarpa (Kuk.) Wiegand, C. conjuncta Boott, C. cristatella Britt., C. grisea Wahlenb., C. interior L. H. Bailey, C. molesta Mack., and C. sparganioides Willd. During 2010-2013, more herbaria inventoried and bar-coded their Carex specimens resulting in 43 vouchers including the six new species from field research for the IBSP plant inventory.
INTRODUCTION
Illinois Beach State Park is part of the Zion beach-ridge plain, and prior to the IBSP origin in1947, was known as Dunesland, the Waukegan Flats or Waukegan Moors. A migratory coastal landform, the entire sand body resulted from erosion by natural wave action and was deposited by long shore drift along 18 miles from Kenosha, Wisconsin southward to Waukegan, Illinois. A corrugated topography (Figure 1) of alternating ridges and swales remain from the deposition of shorelines over the past 3,700 years (ISGS 1972). Many natural plant communities exist (Krohn Jr. 1989). The topography includes the beach, foredunes, savanna on ridges, both dry and mesic sand prairies, mesic swales, sedge meadows, wetlands with interdunal ponds, seeps, and a panne, a globally rare wetland. The specimens were collected from both units of IBSP. The northern unit includes North Point and Camp Logan near the Wisconsin Border, with Lake County Spring Bluff Nature Preserve in Winthrop Harbor adjoining on the IBSP western boundary. Zion’s Hosah Park and the Commonwealth Edison Power Plant separate the north and south IBSP units. The southern unit includes a resort, campground, and public walking trails to the Lake Michigan beach. Bull Creek enters the southern unit and filters into the Dead River watershed. The southern boundary of IBSP and its nature preserve partly adjoin an industrial complex but the IBSP beach is contiguous to the Waukegan Beach and Harbor.
Figure 1. 1989 Aerial Photo of IBSP by Ken Weik, LFC emeritus
METHODS
Permission to collect in the IBSP Nature Preserve was granted by the Illinois Nature Preserves Commission with stringent requirements. Permission to collect in the Park was also granted by the IBSP site superintendent, Greg Behm. Maps and aerial photographs from 1939 (Figure 2), 1946, 1970, and 2010 included the boundaries of the IBSP from the Lake Michigan coast to the Union Pacific (formerly Chicago-Northwestern) railroad on the Holocene Bluff Ridge that follows the Glenwood beach of Glacial Lake Chicago. Changes included new roads, evidence of sand mining, a former railway spur for ice and sand, and a change from open marsh in 1939 (pre- Wadsworth Road entry) to a first-growth swamp forest along Bull Creek near the IBSP entrance (Lake County GIS Mapping Division 2012). Prior to becoming the IBSP in 1947, only two roads accessed the dunes. The most recent entry, Wadsworth Road, replaced the southern entrance of Beach Road, now closed. Wadsworth Road originally extended straight east to the campground and beach, but in 1993 was diverted as a loop through the Dunesland to the IBSP Nature Center and trails, coursing partway on the former Beach Road. The northern boundary of the Nature Preserve is the former Beach Road and includes the southern part of the Dead River Watershed.
Figure 2. Aerial Photo of Dunesland showing Dead River (upper right), industrial lagoon (lower south), and Chicago Northwestern Railway (left) in 1939.
Flowering stems (culms), no whole plants, were collected and photographed with a GPS recording camera during fieldwork in 2010 and 2011 (Appendix A-permit). Inventories of IBSP vouchered specimens were not available from the IDNR, the INPC, or the INAI so Midwest herbaria curators were contacted and their herbaria websites were searched for IBSP specimens. Data was steadily accessed from 12 Midwest herbaria (Table 1). TABLE 1. Herbaria with Dunesland or Illinois Beach State Park specimens
Acronym | Herbaria | No. of Carex species |
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CHIC | Chicago Botanic Garden Herbarium | 5 |
F | Chicago Field Museum Herbarium | 20 |
ILL | University of Illinois Plant Biology Herbarium | 10 |
ILLS | Illinois Natural History Survey Herbarium | 8 |
ISM | Illinois State Museum Herbarium | 28 |
ETL | Lake Forest College Herbarium | 17 |
MICH | University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Herbarium | 2 |
MO | Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium | 8 |
MOR | Morton Arboretum Herbarium | 31 |
MIL | Milwaukee Public Museum Herbarium | 4 |
DEK | Northern Illinois University Herbarium-DeKalb | 1 |
WIS | University of Wisconsin-Madison Herbarium | 4 |
Lab work included scanning fresh culms aside a centimeter ruler, then imaging sheaths and perigynia with a camera mounted bioscope. Floras with identification keys were consulted, as well as comparisons to photographs and images on herbaria websites. As required in the research permits (Appendix A), the Illinois specimens were sent to curated herbaria: Dr. Andrew Hipp at the Morton Arboretum (MOR), Dr. Hong Qian at the Illinois State Museum (ISM), and to Dr. Rick Phillippe of Illinois Natural History Survey Herbarium (ILLS). Wisconsin specimens were sent to Ted Cochrane and Mark Wetter at the UW-Madison Herbarium and Dr. Sara Hoot at the UW-Milwaukee Herbarium. Images of Wisconsin specimens from Chiwaukee Prairie adjoining IBSP were sent to Robert Freckmann Herbarium website, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point.
RESULTS
Topographic maps and spatial analysis revealed the Illinois Beach State Park has nearly as much area of sand prairie as the Savanna Army Depot, the largest in the state. However, the moisture regimes differ. The corrugated topography of IBSP includes prairies that grade into ridges and swales that the Army Depot lacked. Most of the prairie below the Holocene Ridge parallels marshy swales, sedge meadows and wet prairie with ponds. Mesic prairies and oak savannas on ridges merged into dry sand prairies. A newer habitat, a swamp forest, receives Bull Creek’s flow into the IBSP. The1864 Benton Township map shows one of the inflowing tributaries of Bull Creek began in a property of 160 acres owned by Ich. Bull. The creek flowed east under the railway into marshland and looped south into the Dead River watershed. The 1939 aerial photograph shows trees lining the creek that appeared to flow due east. Access into the Dunesland in 1939 was Beach Road to the South, and 21st to the North. By 1974 Wadsworth Road was constructed as the single entry and cut straight east through the marsh to the beach. The original Dead Lake, drawn in the 1864 map, was drained, but a near-by sand borrow is the new “Dead Lake” on recent maps. (Wiki Central 2012). In the 1990’s, Wadsworth Road entry was restructured to send traffic south in a loop that joined the older Beach Road, but kept the straight east road as the Campground entry. Two borrow ponds were created, S pond near the entrance and Campground Pond. In the 2010 aerial, Bull Creek has a first-growth swamp forest of Acer saccharinum (silver maple), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Acer negundo (box elder), and Populus deltoides (eastern cottonwood). Bull Creek formed an oxbow and flowed south into ponds and then filtered into the Dead River Watershed. No stumps from previous woodlands were noted during fieldwork. Severe winds uprooted thousands of trees on July 1, 2011 east to west, and again on July 11th with west to east tree-fall. The South Unit of IBSP was closed to the public and researchers. Four new species that were non-vouchered and non-inventoried were discovered in the first-growth Bull Creek swamp forest in 2011. They are: C. cristatella, C. grisea, C. molesta, and C. sparganioides.. One culm of C. viridula, a threatened species in Illinois, was sent to the Illinois State Museum. A Sighting Report was sent to IDNR-Illinois Natural Heritage Database giving its locations. Other E & T species were the threatened C. aurea, and endangered C. garberi reported to grow with C. conoidea, C. crawei, and C. tetanica. The associates in sedge meadows were C. lasiocarpa, C. pellita, C. buxbaumii, C. sterilis, and C. stipata. C. granularis var. haleana grew along Sand Lake, a borrow, in Camp Logan. Tussocks of C. stricta and the newly discovered C. interior grew along the marshy edges of the floodplain behind the Nature Center. C. annectens var xanthocarpa, a new species, grew in a crevice of the IBSP Nature Center parking lot. Weed-whacked before mature in 2011, the plant survived with culms and mature seed heads in 2012. In early literature, F.C. Gates listed 16 Carex species as part of his University of Illinois graduate research and later published Vegetation of the Beach Area (1912) (Table 2). Gates’ specimen of C. aurea is now annotated and filed as C. garberi at the Field Museum. Gates added a bog sedge, C. trisperma, without a collection number to his 1912 article list as collected by Dr. H. A. Gleason. Of the two specimens collected by Gleason, one is now at MICH and another at ILLS, both inland from Lake Villa, Illinois, which has Gavin Bog in Grant Forest Preserve and another at IDNR’s Cedar Lake Bog. Neither specimen was collected during 1907-09. Verne Graham’s C. trisperma was labeled as located in a Sphagnum bog 3 miles east of Antioch. Table 2. Carex collected by F. C. Gates (1912)
Carex species | Collection Number | Date m-d-y | Barcode or Accession Number C. aquatilis =riparia | 2498 | 6-8-1908 | V0022529F C. aurea = garberi Annotated 1-14-2012 | 2503 | 6-8-1908 | ILL 10767 C. buxbaumii | 2504 | 6-8-1908 | V0022630F & ILL 10769 C. buxbaumii | 1668 | 6-16-1907 | ILL 10800 C. comosa | 2917 | 8-7-1908 | V0022658F & ILL 10770 C. crawei | 2502 | 6-8-1908 | V0022712F & ILL 10771 C. crawei | 2827 | 7-8-1908 | V0022713F & ILL 10772 C. garberi = C. aurea | 2503 | 7-8-1908 | V0022830F C. granularis | 3054 | 6-22-1909 | V0022871F C. hystericina (hystricina) | 2787 | 7-1-1908 | V0022949F & ILL 10773 C. lacustris (riparia) | 2786 | 7-1-1908 | V0023009F C. lasiocarpa (filiformis) | 3027 | 7-16-1909 | 1375247 MICH C. meuhlenbergii | 2465 | 6-8-1908 | 1379831 MICH & V0023130F ILL 10774 C. muehlenbergii | 3163 | 7-19-1909 | 1379853 MICH & V0023131F ILL 10775 C. pellita (lanuginosa) | 3027 | 6-16-1909 | V0023205F C. stipata | 3052 | 6-22-1909 | V0023465F and ILL 10777 C. stricta | 3026 | 6-16-1909 | V0023486F C. umbellata | 2474 | 6-8-1908 | V0023588F & ILL 10779 & MICH1390814 C. viridula (oederi pumila) | 2509 | 6-8-1908 | V0023627F & ILL 10781 & ILL 10780 |
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Carex species | Number | Mo-day-yr | Barcode C. aquatilis (riparia) | Gates 2498 Steyermark & Standley 28109 | 6-08-1908 6-13-1940 | V0022529F V0022523F C. brevior | Swink | 7-04-1951 | V0022600F C. buxbaumii | Gates 2504 | 6-08-1908 | V0022630F C. cephalophora | Steyermark & Standley 28162 | 6-13-1940 | V0022659F C. comosa | Gates 2917 | 8-07-1908 | V0022658F C. conoidea | Steyermark & Standley 68191 | 6-13-1940 | V0022709F C. crawei | Gates 2502 | 6-08-1908 7-08-1908 | V0022712F V0022713F C. garberi = C. aurea | Gates 2827 | 7-08-1908 | V0022830F C. granularis | Gates 2503 | 6-22-1909 | V0022871F C. hystericina (hystricina) | Gates 3054 | 7-01-1908 6-14-1940 | V0022949F V0022953F C. lacustris (riparia) | Gates 2787 Steyermark & Standley 28139 | 7-01-1908 | V0023009F C. lasiocarpa (filiformis) | Gates 2786 | 7-16-1909 5-31-1950 | V0023027F C. muehlenbergii | Steyermark & Standley 69931 | 6-08-1908 | V0023130F C. muehlenbergii | Gates 2465 | 7-19-1909 | V0023131F C. pellita (lanuginosa) | Gates 3163 Gates 3027 | 6-16-1909 6-13-1940 | V0023205F V0023210F C. richardsonii | Steyermark & Standley 28201 | 6-13-1940 | V0023327F C. sartwellii | Swink Steyermark & Standley 28138 | 7-13-1940 | V0023361F C. stipata | Gates 3052 | 6-22-1909 | V0023465F C. stricta | Gates 3026 | 6-16-1909 | V0023486F C. umbellata | Gates 2474 | 6-08-1908 | V0023588F viridula (oederi pumila) | Gates 2509 Steyermark 28192 40827 | 6-08-1908 6-13-1940 8-09-1940 | V0023627F V0023634F V0023635F |
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Carex species | Collection Number | Date Mo-day-yr | Barcode or Accession Number C. bebbii | 3745 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 36015 C. buxbaumii | 5223 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 7447 WIS v026328 C. buxbaumii | 2736 | 7-01-1908 | WIS v0262926 C. buxbaumii | 31635 | 6-05-1909 | WIS v0263927 C. crawei | 3765 | 7-03-1909 | MIL 118113 C. crawei | 37884 3765 | 7-03-1909 | WIS v0263875 WIS v0263930 C. crawei | 3313 | 6-11-1909 | WIS v0264833 C. conoidea | 3306 | 7-11-1909 | MOR 7483 C. conoidea | 3306 3312 | 6-11-1909 | WIS v0263875 WIS v0263874 C. conoidea | 5375 | 6-08-1912 | WIS v0263876 C. granularis var. haleana | 3229 | 6-05-1909 | MOR 35978 C. hystericina | 3283 | 6-11-1909 | MOR 35974 C. hystericina | 2225 | 7-01-1908 | WIS v0263931 C. hystericina | 5372 | 6-08-1912 | WIS v0236933 WIS v0236934 C. molesta | 3741 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 35980 C. muehlenbergii | 3763 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 7708 WIS v0264838 C. muehlenbergii | 5217 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 35992 C. pellita (lanuginosa) | 31653 | 6-05-1909 | WIS v0263935 C. pellita (filiformis) | 5226 | 5-30-1911 | WIS v0264834 C. pellita (houghtonii)) | 5376 | 6-08-1912 | WIS v0264836 C. pellita (filiformis) | 3309 | 6-11-1909 | WIS v0264837 C. sterilis | 36020 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 36020 C. stipata | 5216 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 7814 C. stricta | 5281 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 7833 C. viridula | 3307 | 6-11-1909 | MOR 7893 WIS v0264841 C. viridula (flava) | 2240 | 7-01-1908 | WIS v0264839 C. viridula (flava) | 3195 | 6-05-1909 | WIS v0264840 C. vulpinoidea | 3756 3758 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 7902 WIS v0263924 WIS v0263925 |
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Species | Collection Number | Mo-da-yr C. bebbii | 1163b | 6-25-1967 C. blanda | 3086 | 4-14-1969 C. buxbaumii | 5083 | 5-18-1970 C. comosa | 844 | 9-24-1966 C. conoidea | 1010 1002 | 5-27-1967 C. crawei | 697 1226 | 7-08-1967 C. granularis | 4050 | 5-16-1969 C. garberi | 11 | 6-20-1967 C. muehlenbergii | 1225 1175 1056 1207 1172 | 6-25-1967 C. pellita | 1057 5403 1131 | 5-22-1972 & 6-23-1967 C. pensylvanica | 5 8 927 972 | 5-20-1967 C. scoparia | 1163b 1161 | 6-25-1967 5-27-1967 C. stricta | 5411 1008 | 6-25-1967 5-31-1969 C. stipata | 4040 | 7-13-1969 C. suberecta | 1129 5082 | 6-23-1968 C. tetanica | 5182 | 5-18-1970 5-19-1971 C. viridula | 115 838 840 1206 1291 1323 1325 1332 1394 2059 | 7-02-1967 to 8-31-1968 |
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Carex species | Accession number | Date C. brevior | MOR 7973 V0022630F | 7-05-1948 7-04-1951 C. buxbaumii | MOR 7443 | 6-08-1947 C. conoidea | MOR100033 | 6-05-1948 C crawei | MOR 7485 | 6-08-1947 C. heliophila (pensylvanica) | MOR 99960 | 6-08-1947 C. pellita | Swink Johnson Betz MOR66126 | 7-4-1986 C. richardsonii | V0023327F | 5-20-1950 C. sartwellii | MOR100026 | 6-08-1947 C. stipata | MOR 100040 | 6-05-1948 C. umbellata | MOR 67786 | 6-08-1947 |
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Carex species | Collection No. | Accession number | Date C. aurea | 676b | MOR 67908 | 6-22-1987 C. crawei | 733 | MOR 81845 | 7-14-1988 C. garberi | 675 | MOR 66786 | 7-22-1987 C. tetanica | 676a | MOR 67787 | 7-22-1987 C. tonsa | 735 | MOR 81483 | 7-14-1988 |
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Carex species | Collector | Date Mo-day-yr C. buxbaumii | D. Sollenberger | 6-23-2008 C. crawei | “ | 6-24-2008 C. richardsonii | “ | 6-19-2008 C. siccata | “ | 6-23-2008 C. viridula #2802 | Sollenberger K. DeGroft | 5-23-1989 C. viridula #7410 | “ | 7-07-1995 |
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Carex species | Collector | Date Mo-day-yr C. crawei | Umbach L. M. | 7-13-1909 C. muehlenbergii | Graenicher S. | 6-11-1911 C. pensylvanica | “ | 5-04-1911 C. viridula | “ | 6-12-1911 |
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Carex species | Collector number | MO ID | W(1) C. aquatilis | 50390 | 2672376 | OBL C. multimoda=C. pachystachys | 50382 | 2762677 | OBL C. buxbaumii | 50371 | 2710446 | OBL C. haleana | 50361 | 2759216 | FACW+ C. lacustris | 50381 | 2752486 & 2752592 | OBL C. lasiocarpa | 50375 50389 50391 50376 | 2752592 & 2750739 | OBL C. panicea = tetanica | 50376 | 2770480 & 2770490 | FACW+ C. vaginata =tetanica | 50363 | 2809216 | – |
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Carex species | Collector number | MO ID | W(1) C. aquatilis | 50390 | 2672376 | OBL C. multimoda=C. pachystachys | 50382 | 2762677 | OBL C. buxbaumii | 50371 | 2710446 | OBL C. haleana | 50361 | 2759216 | FACW+ C. lacustris | 50381 | 2752486 & 2752592 | OBL C. lasiocarpa | 50375 50389 50391 50376 | 2752592 & 2750739 | OBL C. panicea = tetanica | 50376 | 2770480 & 2770490 | FACW+ C. vaginata =tetanica | 50363 | 2809216 | – |
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While the INAI’s September 1976 sampling of IBSP recorded ten Carex species, the 1997 sampling found five species and the August 2010 ground layer sampling recorded four Carices. The INAI’s 2012 sampling of Carex species at IBSP recorded 20 species, which is less than half of the herbarium species, partly due to missing species that bloom in March and April and mature in May, such as C. tonsa, C. richardsonii and C. tetanica. Of the 43 Carex species vouchered by herbaria, these 19 were found in INAI plots: C. aquatilis, C. bebbii, C. buxbaumii, C. comosa, C. crawei, C. granularis, C. hystericina, C. lacustris, C. lasiocarpa, C. muehlenbergii, C. pellita, C. pensylvanica, C. sterilis, C. stipata, C. stricta, C. tetanica, C. viridula, C. umbellata and C. vulpinoidea. The INAI did not find these vouchered Carex species from IBSP in their samplings: C. annectens var. xanthocarpa, C. aquatilis substricta, C. blanda, C. brevior, C. cephalophora, C. conoidea, C. cristatella, C. festucacea, C. grisea, C. heleana, C. hyalinolepis, C. molesta, C. tetanica, C. retrorsa, C. richardsonii, C. sartwellii, C. siccata, C. scoparia C. suberecta, C. tenera, and C. tonsa. INAI’s Spring Bluff Carices in samples differed from the IBSP samples partly because Spring Bluff is separated from Lake Michigan by the marina and has less habitats. Species noted in Spring Bluff and not yet found in IBSP are C. atherodes, C. bicknellii, C. haydenii, C. laxiflora, C. normalis, and C. rosea. C. tribuloides was listed in the LCFP Spring Bluff inventory but not in INAI inventories for IBSP or Spring Bluff (Table 12). In 1976 Wilson, Bowles and Moran sampled both IBSP and Spring Bluff for INAI. In August, Spring Bluff had four Carices: C. lacustris in the marsh, C. sterilis in the “fen” and C. lanuginosa in the wet prairie. C. stricta? was noted as C. spp. in the mesic prairie. Spring Bluff samplings were done in June, July, and September 1997 by Schennum, Basing, O’Leary and Leigh and resulted in 23 Carices: C. annectens, C. aquatilis var. aquatilis, C. atherodes, C. bebbii, C. bicknellii, C. buxbaumii, C. crawei, C. granularis, C. haydenii, C. interior, C. lacustris, C. laxiflora, C. meadii, C. muehlenbergii, C. pellita, C. pensylvanica, C. rosea, C. sartwellii, C. sterilis, C. stipata, C. stricta, C. tetanica, and C. umbellata.Table 12. Carex of the Zion ridge-beach plain in Wisconsin and Illinois.
num | Carex species | Common name | IBSP | SB | CHI | W 1 | C. annectens var xanothocapa | Small Yellow Fox Sedge | √ | √ | 2 | C. aquatilis | Water Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √** 3 | C. atherodes | Wheat Sedge | √ | √ | 4 | C. aurea | Golden Sedge | √ | √ 5 | C. bebbii | Bebb’s Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 6 | C. bicknellii | Bicknell’s Sedge | √ | √ | 7 | C. blanda | Wood Sedge | √ | √ 8 | C. brevior | Plains Oval Sedge | √ | √ | 9 | C. buxbaumii | Buxbaum’s Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 10 | C. cephalophora | Short-headed Sedge | √ | 11 | C. comosa | Bristly Sedge | √ | 12 | C. conoidea | Prairie Gray Sedge | √ | √ | √ | 13 | C. crawei” “ | Early Fen Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 14 | C. cristatella | Crested Sedge | √ | √ | √ 15 | C. cryptolepis | Small Yellow Sedge | √ | 16 | C. diandra | Bog Panicled Sedge | √ | 17 | C. festucacae | Fescue Sedge | √ | √ | 18 | C. flava | Large Yellow Sedge | √ | 19 | C. garberi” “ | False Golden Sedge | √ | √ 20 | C. granularis var haleana | Pale grain Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 21 | C. grisea” “ | Gray Sedge | √ | √ 22 | C. haydenii | Hayden’s Sedge | √ | √ | 23 | C. heliophila | Plains Sedge | √ | 24 | C. hystericina | Porcupine Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 25 | C. hyalinolepis | Shoreline Sedge | √ | 26 | C. interior | Inland Sedge | √ | √ | 27 | C. lacustris | Lake Sedge | √ | √ | √ 28 | C. lasiocarpa | Hairy–fruited Sedge | √ | √ | 29 | C. laxiflora | Beech Wood Sedge | √ | 30 | C. meadii | Mead’s Sedge | √ | √ | 31 | C. molesta” “ | Troublesome Sedge | √ | √ 32 | C. muehlenbergii | Sand Bracted Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 33 | C. normalis | Normal Sedge | √ | √ 34 | C. pellita | Woolly Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 35 | C. pensylvanica | Penn Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 36 | C. prairea | Fen Panicled Sedge | √ | 37 | C. retrorsa | Retrorse Sedge | √ | √ | √ 38 | C. richardsonii | Richardson’s Sedge | √ | √ | √ 39 | C. rosea | Rose Sedge | √ | 40 | C. sartwellii | Running Marsh Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 41 | C. scoparia | Pointed Broom Sedge | √ | 42 | C. siccata | Running Prairie Sedge | √ | √ | 43 | C. sparganioides | Bur-reed Sedge | √ | √ 44 | C. sterilis | Fen Star Sedge | √ | √ | √ | 45 | C. stipata” “ | Saw-beak Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 46 | C. stricta | Tussock Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 47 | C. suberecta | Wedge Sedge | √ | √ | 48 | C. tenera | Remote Sedge | √ | √ | 49 | C. tetanica =panicea | Stiff Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 50 | C. tonsa | Shaved Sedge | √ | √ | 51 | C. tribuloides | Bristle-bract Sedge | √ | √ | √ 52 | C. umbellata | Umbrella Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ 53 | C. viridula | Little Green Sedge | √ | √ | √ 54 | C. vulpinoidea” “ | Brown Fox Sedge | √ | √ | √ | √ |
---|
Table 13. IBSP Carex specimens in curated herbaria
Carex species | Collector | Datemo-da-yr | Herbaria |
C. annectens var. xan | Curtis s.n. | 6-11-2011 | ISM, MOR. ILLS |
C. aquatilis | Gates 2498 | 6-08-1908 | V0022529F |
C. aquatilis | Steyermark & Standley28109 | 6-13-1940 | V0022523F |
C. aquatilis | Kral | 5-31-1973 | MO 2672376 |
C. aurea | Cowles | 8-13-1910 | ISM 3513 |
C. aurea | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3509 |
C. aurea | Fuller | 6-04-1938 | ISM 3511 |
C. aurea | Bowles 652 | 6-22-1971 | DEK |
C. aurea | Bowles 676b | 6-22-1987 | MOR 67908 |
C. bebbii | Lunn 1163 | 6-25-1967 | ETL |
C. bebbii | Curtis s.n. | 9-12-2010 | ISM |
C. bebbii | Curtis s.n. | 7-07-2011 | MOR 171922 |
C. bebbii | Umbach 3745 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 36015 |
C. blanda | Lunn 3086 | 6-14-1969 | ETL |
C. brevior | Swink | 7-05-1948 | MOR 7973 |
C. brevior | Swink | 7-04-1951 | V0022600F |
C. brevior | Curtis s.n. | 6-03-2010 | ISM, MOR |
C. buxbaumii | Gates 1668 | 6-17-1907 | ILL 10800 |
C. buxbaumii | Gates 2504 | 6-08-1908 | V0022630F, |
C. buxbaumii | Gates 7447 | 6-08-1908 | ILL 10769 |
C. buxbaumii | Lunn 5023 | 5-18-1970 | ETL |
C. buxbaumii | Swink | 6-08-1947 | MOR 7443 |
C. buxbaumii | Sollenberger | 5-23-1989 | MOR 111419 |
C. buxbaumii | Umbach 5223 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 7447v0263928 WIS |
C. buxbaumii | Umbach 31635 | 6-05-1909 | v0263927 WIS |
C. buxbaumii | Umbach 2736 | 7-01-1908 | v0262926 WIS |
C. buxbaumii | Graham 3696 | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3696 |
C. buxbaumii | Kral | 5-31-1973 | MO 2710446 |
C. buxbaumii | Sollenberger | 6-24-2008 | CHIC |
C. buxbaumii | Curtis s.n. | 6-08-2010 | ISM |
C. cephalophora | Steyermark & Standley | 6-13-1940 | V0022659F |
C. cephalophora | Curtis s.n. | 6-08-2010 | ISM |
C. comosa | Gates 2917 | 8-07-1908 | V0022658F, ILL10770 |
C. comosa | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3696 |
C. comosa | Lunn 844 | 9-24-1966 | ETL |
C. conoidea | Steyermark & Standley 28162 | 6-13-1940 | V0022709F |
C. conoidea | Lunn 1010 & 1002 | 5-27-1967 | ETL |
C. conoidea | Curtis s.n. | 6-11-2011 | ISM |
C. conoidea | Swink | 6-05-1948 | MOR 100033 |
C. conoidea | Umbach 7857 | 6-08-1912 | MOR 7857 |
C. conoidea | Umbach 3306 | 6-11-1909 | WIS V023875 |
C. conoidea | Umbach5375 | 6-08-1912 | WIS V02633876 |
C. crawei | Gates 2502 | 6-08-1908 | V0022712F, ILL10771 |
C. crawei | Gates 2821 | 7-08-1908 | V0022713F, ILL 10772 |
C. crawei | Lunn 697, 1226 | 7-08-1967 | ETL |
C. crawei | Umbach | 7-03-1909 | MIL 118113 |
C. crawei | Sollenberger | 6-24-2008 | CHIC |
C. crawei | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3572 |
C. crawei | Swink | 6-08-1947 | MOR 7485 |
C. crawei | Bowles 733 | 6-14-1988 | MOR 81485 |
C. cristatella | Curtis s.n. | 8-20-2011 | ISM |
C. cristatella | Curtis s.n. | 6-26-2011 | MOR 171935 |
C. cristatella | Curtis s.n. | 6-08-2011 | MOR 171934 |
C. festucacea | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3609 |
C. garberi | Gates 2503 | 7-08-1908 | V0022830F, ILL 10767 |
C. garberi | Bowles 675 | 6-22-1987 | MOR 66786 |
C. garberi | Lunn 00011 | 6-20-1969 | ETL |
C. garberi | Milde & Nelson | 7-20-2001 | MOR 152266 |
C. granularis var. haleana | Gates 2503 | 7-08-1908 | V0022830F |
C. granularis var. haleana | Bennett | 6-18-1960 | ISM 75687 |
C. granularis var. haleana | Kral 50361 | 5-31-1973 | MO 2759216 |
C. granularis var. haleana | Lunn 4050 | 7-13-1969 | ETL |
C. granularis var. haleana | Curtis s.n. | 8-20-2010 | MOR, ILLS |
C. granularis var. haleana | Umbach 3229 | 6-05-1909 | MOR 35978 |
C. grisea | Curtis s.n. | 7-08-2011 | MOR 171919, ILLS |
C. heliophila | Swink | 6-08-1947 | MOR 99960 |
C. hyalinolepis | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3886 |
C. hystericina | Gates 2787 | 7-01-1908 | V0022949F, ILL 10773 |
C. hystericina | Umbach 3275, 3283 | 6-11-1909 | MOR 35974, v0263932WIS |
C. hystericina | Umbach 5372 | 6-08-1912 | v0263933, & 934 WIS |
C. hystericina | Steyermark & Standley28139 | 6-14-1940 | V0022953F |
C. interior | Curtis s.n. | 6-06-2010 | ISM, MOR, ILLS |
C. lacustris = riparia | Gates 2786 | 7-01-1908 | V0023009F |
C. lacustris = riparia | Kral 50381 | 5-31-1973 | MO2752486 & 2752592 |
C. lasiocarpa =filiformis | Gates 3027 | 7-16-1909 | 1379831 MICH |
C. lasiocarpa | Steyermark & Standley69931 | 5-31-1950 | V0023027F |
C. lacustris = riparia | Gates 2786 | 6-09-1908 | ILL 10774 |
C. lacustris = riparia | Kral 50375 & 50378 | 5-31-1973 | MO 2752592 & 2750739 |
C. molesta | Curtis s.n. | 6-30-2011 | ISM |
C. molesta | Swink & Wetstein8852 | 6-29-1989 | MOR 91727 |
C. molesta | Umbach 3741 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 35980 |
C. muehlenbergii“ | Gates 3163 | 7-19-1909 | ILL 10775, V0023131F |
C. muehlenbergii“ | Gates 2465 | 6-08-1908 | ILL1397853, MICH 10774V0023130F |
C. muehlenbergii“ | Graenicher 4508 | 6-19-1911 | MIL |
C. muehlenbergii“ | Graenicher 24509 | 6-19-1911 | MIL |
C. muehlenbergii“ | Lunn 1225, 1175, 1056, 1207,1172 | 6-02-19676-25-1967 | ETL |
C. muehlenbergii“ | Curtis s.n. | 8-18-20106-30-2011 | ISM, MOR |
C. muehlenbergii | Umbach 3763 | 7-03-09 | v0264848 WISMOR 7708 |
C. muehlenbergii | Umbach 5217 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 35992 |
C. .multimoda =pachystachys | Kral 50382 | 5-31-1073 | MO 2762677 |
C. pellita | Gates 3027 | 6-16-1909 | V0023205F |
C. pellita | Graham | 7-24-1944 | ISM 3700 |
C. pellita | Lunn 1057, 1131, 5403, | 5-22-1972 6-23-1967 | ETL |
C. pellita | Steyermark & Standley28201 | 6-13-1940 | V0023210F |
C. pellita | Swink, Johnson, Betz | 7-4-1986 | MOR 66126 |
C. pellita | Umbach 3309 | 6-11-1909 | MOR 35997 |
C. pellita | Curtis s.n. | 6-08-2011 | ILLS, ISM, MOR 171921 |
C. pellita = lanuginosa | Umbach 31653 | 6-05-1909 | v0263935 WIS |
C. pellita =filiformis | Umbach 5226 | 5-30-1911 | v0264834 WIS |
C. pellita = filiformif | Umbach 3309 | 6-11-1909 | V0264837 WIS |
C. pellita= houghtonii | Umbach 5376 | 6-08-1912 | V0264836 WIS |
C. pensylvanica | Graenicher 24385 | 5-04-1911 | MIL |
C. pensylvanica | Lunn 5, 8, 927, 972 | 4-28-19675-20-1967 | ETL |
C. pensylvanica | Curtis s.n. | 6-26-2011 | MOR 171936, ISM |
C. retrorsa | Milde & Nelson | 7-09-2001 | MOR 152258 |
C. richardsonii | Dritz 242 | 5-02-1982 | MOR 79793 |
C. richardsonii | Swink | 5-20-1950 | V0023327F |
C. richardsonii | Wilhelm 13746 | 4-24-1986 | MOR 100026 |
C. richardsonii | Sollenberger | 6-19-2008 | CHIC |
C. sartwellii | Steyermark & Standley 28138 | 7-13-1940 | V0023361F |
C. sartwellii | Swink | 6-08-1947 | MOR 100026 |
C. sartwellii | Curtis n.s. | 6-30-2011 | ISM |
C. scoparia | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3570 |
C. scoparia | Lunn 1163b | 6-25-1967 | LFC |
C. siccata | Sollenberger | 6-23-2008 | CHIC |
C. siccata | Curtis s.n. | 5-29-2010 | ISM |
C. sparganioides | Curtis s.n. | 6-30-2011 | ISM, ILLS |
C. sterilis | Umbach 6020 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 36020 |
C. stipata | Swink | 6-05-1948 | MOR 100040 |
C. stipata | Lunn 4040 | 7-13-1969 | ETL |
C. stipata | Umbach 5216 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 7814 |
C. stricta | Gates 3052 | 6-16-1909 | V0023465F & ILL10777 |
C. stricta | Gates 2498 | 6-22-1909 | V0023486F |
C. stricta | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3859 |
C. stricta | Lunn 1008, 1161, 5411 | 5-25-19675-27-19676-25-1965 | ETL |
C. stricta | Curtis s.n. | 6-08-2011 | ISM, ILL. MOR 171934 |
C. stricta | Umbach 7833 | 5-30-1911 | MOR 7833 |
C. suberecta | Lunn 1129 | 6-23-1968 | ETL |
C. suberecta | Umbach 3715 | 7-03-1909 | MOR 7847 |
C. tetanica | Kral 5039150376 | 5-31-1973 | MO 2770480, 2770490 |
C. tetanica | Lunn 5182 | 6-25-1965 | ETL |
C. tetanica | Graham | 7-14-1944 | ISM 3873 |
C. tetanica | Bennett 53020 | 7-04-1955 | ISM 53020 |
C. tetanica | Bowles 676a | 6-22-1987 | MOR 67787 |
C. tetanica | Lunn 5182, 5082 | 5-18-1970 | ETL |
C. tetanica | Curtis s.n. | 5-15-2010 | ISM, ILLS, MOR 171920 |
C. tetanica | Milde | 6-30-2011 | MOR 173488 |
C. tonsa | Bowles 735 | 6-14-1988 | MOR 81483 |
C. tonsa | Wilhelm 13745 | 4-24-1986 | MOR 79792 |
C. umbellata | Gates 2474 | 6-08-1908 | V0023588F & Ill 10779 |
C. umbellata | Swink | 6-08-1947 | MOR 67786 |
C. viridula | Sollenberger &DeGroft 2802 | 5-23-1989 | CHIC |
C. viridula | Sollenberger &DeGroft7410 | 7-07-1995 | CHIC |
C. viridula | Umbach 3307 | 6-11-1909 | MOR 7893 |
C. viridula | Umbach | 7-03-1909 | WIS V0263924 |
C. viridula | Gates 2509, 2517 | 6-08-1908 | V0023627F, ISM 2517 |
C. viridula | Steyermark & Standley 28192 | 6-13-1940 | V0023634F |
C. viridula | Steyermark & Standley 40872 | 8-03-1941 | V0023635F |
C. viridula | Graenicher 24494 | 6-12-1911 | MIL |
C. viridula | Lunn 115, 838, 849, 1322, 1323,1394, 1206, 1291,1325, 2059. | 7-02-196710-18-19668 more | ETL |
C. viridula | Evers | 6-04-1963 | MO76202 |
C. viridula | Curtis s.n. | 6-30-2011 | ISM |
C. viridula = flava | Umbach 3307 | 6-11-1909 | MOR 7893 |
C. viridula = flava | Umbach 3195 | 6-05-1909 | V0264840 WIS |
C. viridula | Umbach 2240 | 7-01-1908 | V0264839 WIS |
C. vulpinoidea | Umbach 3758 | 7-03-1909 | v0263924 WISMOR 7902 |
C. vulpinoidea | Curtis s.n. | 8-11-2010 | ISM, MOR, ILLS |
Notes: CHIC = Chicago Botanic Garden; F = Field Museum; ILL = University of Illinois Plant Biology; ILLS = Illinois Natural History Survey; ISM = Illinois State Museum; ETL= Lake Forest College; MICH = University of Michigan- Ann Arbor; MOR = Morton Arboretum; MIL = Milwaukee Public Museum; WIS = University of Wisconsin-Madison; MO = Missouri Botanical Garden; DEK = Northern Illinois University.
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
HERBARIA
LITERATURE AND WEB-SITES
APPENDIX A
A Illinois Nature Preserves Collecting Permit Permit obtained from Kelly Neal at: Kelly.Neal@Illinois.gov 6-6-2010 “INPC typically does not allow collections within nature preserves. If you are only collecting culms, INPC will allow collection of up to 3 culms with the following conditions: 1. The species has not been collected previously at the site and placed in a curated collection-you are required to check major collections. 2. The species is not listed as threatened or endangered. 3. Collection represents no more than 20% of the population (i.e., there must be at least fifteen culms present for that species before you can collect). 4. The collections must be placed in a curated collection such as the Natural History Survey or Field Museum. 5. Please refer to the below excerpt from the IL Administrative Code, Management of Nature Preserves for additional information on collecting in nature preserves. Also, when onsite, be sure to minimize trampling and disturbances to sensitive plant communities. Every effort should be made to prevent the spread of exotic or invasive plants/plant propagules at the site, including cleaning shoes, pant cuffs, equipment, etc. before moving on after being in areas containing invasive plants. APPENDIX B
